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Lec 9: Regulation 1. Open Banking Two important regulations in Europe and UKEU and UK legislation history • July 2013: EU Commission proposal to revise Payment Services Directive (PSD). • November 2015: EU Parliament/Council adopts revised Payment Services Directive, known as PSD2. • 13 January 2018: EU member states must comply with PSD2. UK regulation version known as Open Banking. “Open Banking” is UK version..

Practical Lecture 7: NFT & Open banking 1. MotivationConcept of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) not newOwning collectables • Physical assets: - Art, cars, wine, trading cards (Pokémon, sports, etc.) • Digital assets - Online computer game “skins” 1. 동기대체 불가능 토큰(NFT)의 개념은 새로운 것이 아니다소장품 소유:물리적 자산:예술 작품, 자동차, 와인, 트레이딩 카드(포켓몬, 스포츠 등)디지털 자산:온라인 컴퓨터 게임의 "스킨"Digital artists could not sell their art in traditional waysProblem with digital assets: ..

Lec 8: AI & Robo Advice 1. Artificial intelligence (AI) – the beginningArtificial intelligence (AI) came up ~70 years agoAI research has been around for a long time • Golden age of science fiction (1938—1946). - Three laws of robotics (Isaac Asimov). • Alan Turing, 1950, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” - how to build intelligent machines and how to test their intelligence -> Imitation game = Turing Test. • Da..

Practical Lecture 6: Deep Learning 1. Deep learning simplification딥러닝은 인공지능(AI)의 한 분야로, 인공신경망을 사용하여 데이터에서 패턴을 학습하는 방법입니다. 딥러닝은 많은 입력층과 출력층, 그리고 그 사이에 여러 개의 숨겨진 층(hidden layers)으로 구성됩니다. 이를 통해 복잡한 데이터 패턴을 인식하고 예측할 수 있습니다. Deep learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses artificial neural networks to learn patterns from data. Deep learning consists of many input layers, output layers, and several hidden layers in..

Lec 7: Initial Coin Offering [ICOs] 1. ICOsTokens can be classified into four typesWhat is a coin? • This is extremely unclear. - Most “initial coin offerings” are actually sales of tokens, not coins.• Four types of tokens seem to circulate 1. Payment tokens = cryptocurrencies = coins. 2. Utility tokens. 3. Security tokens for underlying assets (e.g. gold). 4. Non-fungible token (NFT). Of course, any of these could be an investmen..

Lec 6: Crowdfunding / 크라우드펀딩 1. Traditional ways of raising capitalTwo major ways to raise equity for private firms - 1.1 Brief note on Venture Capital (VC) Unlisted firms have different options to raise equityEquity financing over the firm's life cycleUnlisted firmsListed firms- Angel investors- Venture Capital - Institutional investors- Corporate investors- IPO- Private placement (to small group of investors)- Right issue..

Why economic growth fails to explain the well-being of society Why economic growth fails to explain the well-being of society Economic growth, as measured by an increase in the real gross domestic product (GDP), is an essential indication of a country's level of economic activity (Smith and Dyer, 2019, p.307). However, because GDP only reflects quantitative growth, it is limited in regard to qualitative aspects, such as well-being and development. Moreover,..

Brimore Engineering LTD Report Brimore Engineering LTD Report Brimore Engineering (BE) is a small engineering private limited company founded in 1987 by the Brimore family. It manufactures and distributes automotive components to other firms. Concerning recent declines in profitability and sales of the most profitable product, XT345, the marketing director advised the board that product mix analysis and marketing strategy res..

Lec 5: Altcoins / 알트코인이란? 1. Blockchain 2.0 Satoshi Dice's first example of alternative Bitcoin use Example: “Distributed gambling” (2012) Send BTC to a special address that guarantees odds of winning → defined threshold similar to BTC target. Lucky number: - Take hash of (transaction hash + secret daily key) - Take the first four characters of hash - Convert to decimal number → will be Often involving automated payments..

Practical Lecture 3: Mining Technology and Industry 1. Mining Process BTC miners are bookkeepers rather than workers Mining = competitive bookkeeping • Creation of new bitcoins in each block almost like a central bank printing new money (but the total amount of bitcoins to be created is fixed at 21 million). - Creation of trust by ensuring that transactions are confirmed only when enough computational power is devoted to the block that contains t..

Lecture 4: Blockchain Governance / 비트코인 한계점 & 하드포크란? Blockchain Governance and Dispute Resolution 블록체인 거버넌스 & 분쟁 해결 1. Blockchain forks Blockchain forks can occur spontaneously from mining Chain split (short-lived forks) 블록체인 포크는 채굴 과정에서 자연스럽게 발생할 수 있습니다. 이는 체인 분할(단기 포크)이라고도 불립니다. 예를 들어, 두 명의 채굴자가 동시에 블록 3을 해결했다고 가정해 보겠습니다. Assume two miners solve block 3 at the same time. 커뮤니티의 절반은 3a를, 나머지 절반은 3b를 채택합니다. Half the community adopts 3a, and the oth..

Practical Lecture 2: Logic & Mining / 채굴이란? 1. Satoshi Dice Casino house edge typically done via payoff 하우스 에지(House Edge, HE): 카지노나 도박 게임이 플레이어에 비해 가지는 이익의 비율. 게임마다 다르며, 하우스 에지가 높을수록 플레이어가 장기적으로 손실을 보는 비율이 높아집니다. Casino house edge (house advantage) 플레이어 수익률(Return to Player, RTP): 플레이어가 장기적으로 게임에서 돌려받을 수 있는 금액의 비율입니다. 이는 1에서 하우스 에지를 뺀 값과 같습니다. 예제: 동전 던지기: 승리 확률이 50%인 경우, 1달러를 베팅해서 이기면 1달러를 받고, 총지급액은 2달러가 됩니다. 이 경우 RTP는 100%, 하우스 에지는 0%입니..

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